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Research Articles: Carbonate Sedimentology |
1 Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4010, U.S.A.; jiangg{at}unlv.nevada.edu
2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, U.S.A.
3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964-8000, U.S.A.
4 School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
5 School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
The 3- to 5-m-thick Doushantuo cap carbonate in south China overlies the glaciogenic Nantuo Formation (ca. 635 Ma) and consists of laterally persistent, thinly laminated and normally graded dolomite and limestone indicative of relatively deep-water deposition, most likely below storm wave base. The basal portion of this carbonate contains a distinctive suite of closely associated tepee-like structures, stromatactis-like cavities, layer-parallel sheet cracks, and cemented breccias. The cores of tepees are composed of stacked cavities lined by cements and brecciated host dolomicrite. Onlap by laminated sediment indicates synsedimentary disruption of bedding that resulted in a positive seafloor expression. Cavities and sheet cracks contain internal sediments, and they are lined by originally aragonitic isopachous botryoidal cements with acicular radiating needles, now replaced by dolomite and silica. Pyrite and barite are common, and calcite is locally retained as a primary mineral. These features share morphological and petrographic attributes with modern and ancient methane seeps in which methane gas and fluids provide both a force for physical disruption from buoyancy and a source of alkalinity for significant cementation. The presence of 
13C values as low as –41
in well preserved limestone crusts and cements within and immediately above the tepee-like structures provides unequivocal evidence for methane influence, and the widespread distribution of identical sedimentary structures and paragenetic cement sequences across the entire basin at the same basal cap carbonate level is consistent with gas hydrate destabilization and the development of methane seeps as a result of postglacial warming of the ocean. Considering the broad distribution of similar features at the same stratigraphic level in other cap carbonates globally, we suggest that the late Neoproterozoic postglacial methane release may have influenced the oceanic oxygen level as well as contributed to postglacial warming via the greenhouse effects of methane.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  T. F. Bristow, M. J. Kennedy, A. Derkowski, M. L. Droser, G. Jiang, and R. A. Creaser Mineralogical constraints on the paleoenvironments of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation PNAS, August 11, 2009; 106(32): 13190 - 13195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 L. Cherns and J. R. Wheeley Early Palaeozoic cooling events: peri-Gondwana and beyond Geological Society, London, Special Publications, January 1, 2009; 325(1): 257 - 278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 J. Wang, G. Jiang, S. Xiao, Q. Li, and Q. Wei Carbon isotope evidence for widespread methane seeps in the ca. 635 Ma Doushantuo cap carbonate in south China Geology, May 1, 2008; 36(5): 347 - 350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. A. McFadden, J. Huang, X. Chu, G. Jiang, A. J. Kaufman, C. Zhou, X. Yuan, and S. Xiao Pulsed oxidation and biological evolution in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation PNAS, March 4, 2008; 105(9): 3197 - 3202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 I. J. Fairchild and M. J. Kennedy Neoproterozoic glaciation in the Earth System Journal of the Geological Society, September 1, 2007; 164(5): 895 - 921. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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