Journal of Sedimentary Research
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Journal of Sedimentary Research; January 2005; v. 75; no. 1; p. 67-81; DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2005.007
© 2005 SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology
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Research Articles: Deltas and Shorefaces

Mechanisms for Forming Discontinuity Surfaces Within Shoreface–shelf Parasequences: Sea Level, Sediment Supply, or Wave Regime?

Joep E.A. Storms1 and Gary J. Hampson2

1 Department of Applied Earth Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mijnbouwstraat 120, 2628 RX, Delft, The Netherlands; joep{at}lunchbreak.net
2 Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.

A 2D process–response model was used to evaluate potential mechanisms involved in the formation of small-scale stratigraphic variability that is observed within progradational wave-dominated shoreface–shelf parasequences. Model experiments, which are based on scenarios that consist of a 25 ky progradational phase, suggest that discontinuity surfaces form when either sediment supply or sea level fall rapidly, or when wave-height regime increases over relatively short time periods (102–104 y) during coastal progradation. In these cases, mean deposition rate near the lower-shoreface drops, which, combined with coastal progradation, results in a discontinuity surface. Both observed and simulated discontinuity surfaces form predominantly in lower shoreface deposits and bound meter-scale stratigraphic cycles. Simulations show that wave-regime variability affects the shoreface–shelf to a much greater depth than minor sea-level change. Therefore, facies shifts along wave climate-induced bounding surfaces occur over wider reaches of the shoreface–shelf system than sea-level-induced facies shifts. High-frequency variability in sediment supply rate results in the formation of discontinuity surfaces across which there are no distinct facies shifts.




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